Dear Readers,
Montpellier inaugurated this
summer its new
greenhouse, exhibiting flora and fauna of the Amazon rainforest. The
city thus continues its tradition of scientific research, which one
might argue began with the Medicine faculty and adjoining botanical garden, the origins of which go
back to the 12th century. Its aim is to
raise awareness of the importance of biodiversity and the effect on the
extensive rainforest on the global climate. The greenhouse represents
another extension to the
city's impressive infrastructure which in 2007 has seen the reopening
of
the Musee Fabre, with its extensive collection of artworks, a new rugby
ground, and coming soon, a new aquarium. We take a look in this
newsletter.
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Theme of the fortnight:
The Amazon greenhouse (Serre Amazonienne) in Montpellier, is unique
in France. Built beside the city zoo to the north of the city centre,
it has four main objectives:- conservation of flora and fauna, for
education
and raising awareness of the various threats to the Amazon rainforest,
for the purposes of research, and finally, to serve as a tourist
attraction. It is no coincidence that there are in Montpellier many
researchers working on the Amazon region, in addition to a satellite
office of the Brazilian research institute EMBRAPA.
The greenhouse has seven different climate zones and five biotopes,
each of the latter corresponding to a uniform set of environmental
conditions with a specific assembly of plants and animals. Features
include dense forest, a mangrove, a waterfall and a grotto. Visitors
are greeted by pyranhas and other carniverous fish in the mangrove at
the entrance before being guided along a pathway that snakes through
the greenhouse, exhibiting an impressive array of between flora and
fauna; among the latter, monkeys, primitive looking reptiles, colourful
birds - the
toucan being a seemingly very lively and strking example, snakes (Boa
constrictor, Anaconda), and the Goliath bird eating spider. The six
banded armadillo, toucan and spectacled caiman - a sort of miniature
alligator, particularly curious of onlookers - are easy favourites.
The Amazon rainforest is the largest natural territory on the planet,
one of the richest in biodiversity, and alas most threatened. For the
Mayor of Montpellier, the greenhouse, unique in France and representing
an investment of 12M€ funded mainly by the city, is a place of
discovery and amazement for all, a place to raise public awareness of
concerns, and a research centre. It is spread over 2900m² under a roof
17m high
and with sophisticated IT systems that reproduce twice hourly storms.
The
interior is lit by windows in south and west facades and the roof. Life
extends beyond the confines of the four walls. An island on the eastern
side communicates with an interior zone so that various species of
monkey can venture outdoors. On the north side, besides a duck pond,
the facade is a vegetal wall rich with plants selected for their
aptitude to thrive away from direct sunlight. This will
hopefully serve to raise the profile of vegetal walls - a technique
gaining speed in personal homes given the excellent insulation
characteristics and aesthetics.
The historical botanical garden in Montpellier (Jardin des Plantes) in
contrast, under the jurisdiction of the Medicine faculty will be
undergoing the preparation of an Americo-Indian vegetable garden.
All the animals have come from European zoos or breeding centres.
Various species of monkey have become particularly
scarce in the wild and are currently subject to European breeding plan.
A brief compendium:
Fauna
- Among the birds are the white-faced whistling-duck,
Brazilian teal duck, comb duck, silver teal, cinnamon teal, scarlet
ibis, thick-billed Heron, sunbittern, motmot, New Guinea flightless
rail, gray-winged trumpeter, wattle jacana, toucan, curassows, Guira
cuckoo, scarlet-rumped cacique, crested oropendola, troupial and
Brazilian tanager.
- Various species of monkey are present along with other medium
sized mammals like the two toed sloth.
- Among reptiles are the South American river turtle,
Geoffroy’s side-necked turtle, South American yellow-footed tortoise,
spectacled caiman, green anole, green basilisk, common green iguana,
Tupinambis lizard, green anaconda, emerald tree boa constrictor.
- Amphibians include the blue poison frog, yellow-banded poison
frog, and green and black poison dart frog.
- Aquariums and mangrove areas enclose the four-eyed fish,
red-bellied piranha, arowana, giant arapaima, pirapatinga, speckled
pavon, Leopard sailfin pleco, Motoro sting ray, Black Bullhead, and
Tiger fish.
- The goliath bird eating spider represents the arthropod group.
Flora
Similarly, all trees and vegetation derive from nurseries in the
Americas - United States (Florida), Costa Rica, Brazil - but also
Thailand. Small plants come from nurseries in France, Belgium and the
Netherlands. The diverse selection includes palm and broad leave trees
and
ferns.
Specialists will be familiar with the following species in:
>dense forest; the Cana indica, Costus cuspidatus and Heliconia
angusta.
>mangroves; Anthurium ferrierense and Philodendron elegans.
>mountain forests; Philodendron panduriforme, Tillandsia cyanea,
Vriesea carinata.
>openings in the forest canopy; Epiphyte Orchids, Bicoloured
Cattleya, Cattleya mossiae.
Practical information
Take the tramway line 1 to St. Eloi stop and then
shuttle bus toward Agropolis Lavalette. Otherwise zoo parking.
Visit duration: approximately 1 hour
Telephone: 04 67 54 45 23
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